On behalf of the American Library Association (ALA), ALA Office for Intellectual Freedom (OIF) Director Deborah Caldwell-Stone, J.D, submitted a letter to the chair and ranking member of the Civil Rights and Civil Liberties Subcommittee of the House Committee on Oversight and Reform for its April 7 hearing, “Free Speech Under Attack: Book Bans and Academic Censorship.” OIF counted 729 challenges to library, school, and university materials in 2021, a historically high number and a four-fold increase over 2020.